Challenges to Blockchain Adoption in Global Shipping: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Blockchain technology could transform global shipping. Replacing antiquated paper-based processes with a secure, immutable digital record of shipments would unlock efficiency gains, save costs, and reduce fraud. Yet blockchain has not been widely adopted. This study employs the PRISMA framework to systematically review the literature on the challenges to blockchain adoption in the global shipping industry. A total of 184 published documents from the Scopus database were identified of which 54 journal articles met the study’s eligibility criteria. By identifying and synthesizing key barriers, the review provides valuable and comprehensive insights into the complexity of integrating blockchain technology into global shipping. The findings highlight practical challenges, such as substantial initial investment costs, and regulatory challenges, including uncertainty around dispute resolution, antitrust concerns, and data privacy and security, as pivotal to sustainable innovation and business model transformation through the adoption of blockchain technology in the sector.