Addressing Fatigue on Cognitive and Physical Performance in Maritime Operations: A Comprehensive Review.

Abstract

Fatigue in maritime operations poses a significant threat to the cognitive and physical performance of seafarers, leading to severe safety risks and operational inefficiencies. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted impact of fatigue on maritime personnel, focusing on cognitive impairments and physical deterioration. Long working hours, irregular schedules, and the demanding nature of maritime tasks contribute to chronic fatigue, disrupting circadian rhythms and reducing alertness. Cognitive impairments due to fatigue, including diminished decision-making abilities, slower reaction times, and decreased situational awareness, are identified as critical factors leading to navigation errors and equipment mishandling. Physically, fatigue results in reduced muscle activity, impaired proprioception, and overall motor performance decline, further exacerbating the risk of accidents. The mental health of seafarers is also significantly affected, with increased incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression linked to chronic fatigue. This review highlights the importance of implementing effective mitigation strategies, such as fatigue monitoring systems, ergonomic ship design improvements, and organizational interventions focused on better shift schedules and fatigue management training. The role of regulatory bodies in enforcing guidelines to ensure adequate rest and the potential of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence in fatigue management are also explored. By addressing the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies of fatigue, this review aims to enhance the safety, performance, and well-being of seafarers, ultimately contributing to the overall efficiency and safety of maritime operations.